Download e-book for iPad: Preclinical Development Handbook: Toxicology by Shayne Cox Gad

By Shayne Cox Gad

ISBN-10: 0470248467

ISBN-13: 9780470248461

ISBN-10: 0470249048

ISBN-13: 9780470249048

A transparent, effortless source to steer you thru preclinical drug developmentFollowing this book's step by step counsel, you could effectively begin and entire severe stages of preclinical drug improvement. The e-book serves as a basic,comprehensive connection with prioritizing and optimizing leads, toxicity, pharmacogenomics, modeling, and rules. This unmarried definitive, easy-to-use source discusses all of the concerns that want attention and offers certain directions for present tools and techniques.Each bankruptcy used to be written via a number of prime specialists within the box. those authors, representing the various disciplines taken with preclinical toxicology screening and trying out, provide the instruments had to practice an efficient multidisciplinary method. The editor, with greater than thirty years' event operating with pharmaceutical and biotechnology businesses, conscientiously reviewed the entire chapters to make sure that each is thorough, actual, and transparent.

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Hepatocyte models composed of primary cells assembled into a double collagen layer sandwich provide an in vivo-like environment, which can retain some important liver functions long enough for useful data to be obtained [70]. More recently, a mini bioreactor scaffold has been devised for biotransformation studies, comprised of a polycarbonate scaffold in 6-, 24-, and 96-well formats, which supports a gaspermeable PTFE membrane, suitable for medium throughput screening [71]. Animal or human cells can be used, although the latter are often in short supply and rapidly lose their viability and phase I and II biotransforming capacities.

The latter analogue-based minimization of the natural ligand for a target protein is particularly relevant, given that larger molecules such as peptides and proteins are increasingly being investigated as clinical agents. Currently, more than 40 peptides are marketed worldwide, with some 700 more at various stages of development as drug leads. Similarly, there are some 120 antibody-, hormone-, and enzyme-based therapeutics currently on the global market. Many of these therapeutics are more specific and more active than their small molecule counterparts, and they accumulate less readily in tissues, with generally lower oral bioavailability and less stability.

Drug interactions with efflux proteins such as P-gp can also be monitored with HepG2 cells, to gauge the extent of drug uptake into the liver [72]. Krebsfaenger et al. [73] constructed a panel of Chinese hamster cell lines that stably expressed variants of the human CYP2D6 gene, or in the case of the genetically engineered and metabolically competent V79 Cell Batteryâ„¢, tissue-specific human phase I or II metabolic enzymes, including a number of CYP variants, glutathione S-transferases, and N-acetyltransferases.

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Preclinical Development Handbook: Toxicology by Shayne Cox Gad


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