By Samuel Stehman Haldeman, Alexander John Ellis
This can be a paper awarded to the London Philological Society within the past due 1800’s.
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Extra resources for Pennsylvania Dutch : a dialect of South German with an infusion of English
Sample text
It is found in just five different words in all of the texts: s̃ị rɛ́t ‘town’, ḥayṣ̃ ‘shore’, fús̃ḥ̣ i ‘halves’, šús̃ị ‘he drank’ (and conjugated forms), and is̃ị̄ n(t) ‘scorpions’. A small number of additional words are included in JL. The consonant ś is a voiceless lateral fricative (IPA [ɬ]). 5). ź (IPA [ɮ]) is not a phoneme, but only an allophone of l. 1 It never occurs word-initially. 2 Johnstone ( JL, p. , dẓ́ or g ẓ́), which is also the case in my experience. z̃ is not a phoneme, but rather an allophone of /g/.
The differences are: Johnstone ḏ ḏ̣ ẕ́ This Book ð ð̣ ẓ́ In the transcription of the texts, a consonant that appears in parentheses, unless otherwise noted, indicates that it is not present in the Arabic-letter manuscript—if such a manuscript exists—and is not pronounced. I have included these letters in parentheses for easier recognition of morphemes and lexemes. An acute accent indicates word stress. 1 The total number of Jibbali speakers is probably between thirty and fifty thousand. Jibbali is one of six languages known collectively as the Modern South Arabian (MSA) languages, which in turn are part of the Semitic language family.
Cohen (1974; 1984: 68–75) and Lonnet (2005: 187–188). See Goldenberg (1977: 475–477; 1979) for an argument against this scenario. 43 Both groups are attested in Southern Arabia; both groups preserve the three Proto-Semitic “sibilants” (s, š, ś), in contrast with almost all other Semitic languages; both make broad use of internal (broken) plurals; and the languages share a number of lexical items. But N. 44 J. 45 The recognition that the OSA languages should be classified as Central Semitic has made it clear that the MSA languages cannot be derived from the OSA languages.
Pennsylvania Dutch : a dialect of South German with an infusion of English by Samuel Stehman Haldeman, Alexander John Ellis
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