By Frank C. Lu
ISBN-10: 1420093118
ISBN-13: 9781420093117
A long time of study and educating adventure are compiled within the authoritative and hugely awaited re-creation of this vintage textual content. For the maximum in reader comfort and comprehension, Lu's easy Toxicology makes use of easy-to-understand terminology, and separate topic and chemical indexes. supplying readability and perception into this quickly evolving topic, this consultant presents new details on: over the counter arrangements lactation occupational toxicology Written by means of key opinion leaders in toxicology, this article additionally covers the necessities of: why chemical substances goal particular organs and structures, and normal strategies for assessing chance linked to those chemical compounds chemical substances that reason: melanoma, mutations, congenital malformations, and organ or approach particular results host and environmental elements that adjust the results of particular chemical substances, together with: meals ingredients; insecticides; metals; toxins in air, water, and soil; and toxicants encountered in offices
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Additional resources for Lu's Basic Toxicology: Fundamentals, Target Organs, and Risk Assessment, 5th Edition
Example text
The covalent type of binding is irreversible and is, in general, associated with significant toxic effects. The noncovalent binding usually accounts for a major portion of the dose and is reversible. Therefore, this process plays an important role in the distribution of toxicants in various organs and tissues. There are several types of noncovalent binding as outlined by Guthrie (1980). Plasma proteins can bind normal physiologic constituents in the body as well as many foreign compounds. Most of the latter are bound to the albumin and are therefore not immediately available for distribution to the extravascular space.
This enzyme is also located in the endoplasmic reticulum. There are four classes of chemical compounds that are capable of forming conjugates with glucuronic acid: (1) aliphatic or aromatic alcohols, (2) carboxylic acids, (3) sulfhydryl compounds, and (4) amines. Sulfate Conjugation This reaction is catalyzed by sulfotransferases. These enzymes are found in the cytosolic fraction of liver, kidney, and intestine. The coenzyme is PAPS (3 -phosphoadenosine-5 -phosphosulfate). The functional groups of the foreign compounds for sulfate transfer are phenols and aliphatic alcohols as well as aromatic amines.
The role of concentration of depleted uranium at the target site may be important as lower amounts of metal may produce the effect seen, but the concentration is not sufficient to induce morphological alterations. This is of particular concern 50 General Principles of Toxicology for veterans of the Gulf War and for the assessment of hazard characterization. However, the results are often more variable. Although all toxic effects are associated with biochemical alterations, in routine toxicity testing, “biochemical effects” usually refer to those without apparent morphologic changes.
Lu's Basic Toxicology: Fundamentals, Target Organs, and Risk Assessment, 5th Edition by Frank C. Lu
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