By Myra L. Weiner, Lois A. Kotkoskie
ISBN-10: 0824782100
ISBN-13: 9780824782108
Examines excipients as a special classification of goods and explores new approaches for identifying toxicity! A well timed and detailed addition to the pharmaceutical literature, containing over 570 citations that aid and increase the textual content, Excipient Toxicity and protection identifies the diversities among excipients (inactive ingredients), nutrients elements, and drug items evaluates problems with dose management, species choice, and learn layout for varied routes of publicity, offers particular info at the old makes use of of excipients in drug formulations, clarifies the protection Committee of the overseas Pharmaceutical Excipients Councils (IPEC) guidance and technical standards for engaging in assessments for every direction of publicity, explains how facts generated in toxicity types are utilized to spot dangers in drug formulations, info publicity evaluate to hyperlink threat id with chance considers the necessities and value of purity requirements and masses extra! Excipient Toxicity and security is a blue-ribbon reference perfect for pharmacists toxicologists pharmacologists analytical chemists quality controls, caliber insurance, and regulatory compliance managers and upper-level undergraduate and graduate scholars in those disciplines.
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Extra resources for Excipient Toxicity and Safety
Example text
Waterfree ethanol (Ͼ 99% purity) is produced by azeotropic distillation. Benzene, toluene and cyclohexane are among the solvents used for this purpose. 6. Ethanol is subject to a state monopoly and tax system in most countries. As a consequence, one is confronted at present with a large number of national standards, requirements, and different grades of material. 7. Because of taxes, denaturation plays an important role, and a considerable number of denaturation agents (methanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, denatonium benzoate [at 5–10 ppm only], sucrose octaacetate, t-butanol, n-butanol, crotonaldehyde, acetone) are used, varying from country to country.
In USP XII (1942), there was a change to an acetic acid medium. Simultaneously, a comparison solution for lead was also introduced, and it was the ‘‘darkness’’ of this weakly acidic solution that served as a permissible limit. The Swiss and German pharmacopoeias (Ph. Helvetica, Deutsches Arzneibuch) underwent a very similar development, only at a later time. In addition to general heavy metals testing, pharmacopeias also require in part specific testing for individual heavy metals, such as nickel: in polyols and hardened fats iron: in diverse substances lead: in sugars Purity of Excipients 37 An analysis of the history of the pharmacopeial heavy metals testing shows that the following objectives were pursued.
4. , thyme from Eastern Europe, sugar beet molasses and wheat flour from Poland) showed results higher than 1000 Bq/kg, results for material from later harvests dropped quickly back to the low base levels. Thus, it can be concluded that in this case radioactive cesium (half-life of cesium 137: 30 years), which conceivably could be absorbed from the surface layer of the ground, was not taken up by the plants. , for certain mushrooms). From radioactivity measurements and calculations performed in Germany (11) it was concluded that in the first year after the blast the average additional irradiation exposure for humans was 1 millisievert (mSv).
Excipient Toxicity and Safety by Myra L. Weiner, Lois A. Kotkoskie
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