By Jonathan I. Lunine
ISBN-10: 0521850010
ISBN-13: 9780521850018
Totally up-to-date all through, together with revised illustrations and new pictures from NASA missions, this re-creation presents an outline of Earth's background from a planetary technological know-how point of view for Earth technological know-how undergraduates. Earth's evolution is defined within the context of what we all know approximately different planets and the cosmos at huge, from the beginning of the cosmos to the procedures that form planetary environments and from the origins of lifestyles to the interior workings of cells. Astronomy, earth technology, planetary technological know-how and astrobiology are built-in to offer scholars the entire photo of ways the Earth has come to its current kingdom and an realizing of the connection among key principles in numerous fields. The publication provides strategies in nontechnical language and mathematical remedies are refrained from the place attainable. New end-of-chapter summaries and questions permit scholars to envision their realizing and significant pondering is emphasised to inspire scholars to discover principles scientifically for themselves.
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Extra info for Earth: Evolution of a Habitable World
Sample text
The resulting graph is a guide to answering some important questions about how the planets, including Earth, have evolved over time, and such problems are discussed in later chapters. Perhaps more profound, however, is that the pattern of elemental abundances reveals something about how these elements were formed in the first place. The decline in abundance toward higher proton number, the peak near iron, and then a further decline, and the zigzag nature of the abundances for odd and even proton numbers reflect the superposition of a number of natural nuclear reactions that have taken place since the birth of the universe as a whole, and to which we turn in Chapter 4.
Because all objects have a gravitational force, one might say the attraction is mutual. 1 Space-age version of Galileo’s experiment on gravitational acceleration. (a) Apollo 15 mission commander David R. Scott holds a hammer in his right hand and a falcon’s feather in his left. (b) Having dropped both simultaneously in the airless environment of the moon – with no drag – both the heavy and the light objects hit the lunar surface at the same time, demonstrating that gravitational acceleration is independent of mass.
The energy content of a photon is just proportional to its frequency. Electromagnetic radiation travels through a vacuum at a definite velocity, 300,000 kilometers each second (3 × 105 km/s). In a material medium, electromagnetic radiation slows down, by an amount dependent on the frequency of the radiation. Devices called spectrometers or spectrographs therefore can be constructed to make the path traveled by light a function of wavelength, such that the various wavelengths are detected within different portions of the spectrometer, and the intensity (or number of photons) at each wavelength can be measured.
Earth: Evolution of a Habitable World by Jonathan I. Lunine
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