By Herman P. Schwan (auth.), Martino Grandolfo, Sol M. Michaelson, Alessandro Rindi (eds.)
ISBN-10: 1468442538
ISBN-13: 9781468442533
ISBN-10: 1468442554
ISBN-13: 9781468442557
During the final 35 years, there was massive increase ment and raise within the variety of units that emit nonionizing radiant energies. those energies similar to radiofrequency together with microwaves are utilized in all sectors of our society for army, business. telecommunications, scientific, and patron functions. This raise in assets of nonionizing radiant energies has ended in starting to be curiosity at the a part of executive regulatory firms, business and armed forces physicians, study staff, clinicians, and environmentalists. even if there's info on biologic results and capability risks to guy from publicity to microwave/radiofrequency energies, massive confusion and incorrect information has permeated not just the general public press but in addition a few medical and technical courses. as a result of the complexity of the interactions of nonionizing radiation in organic platforms, an inter-disciplinary procedure is important to evaluate and elucidate the issues that evolve as this box advances and because the use of those energies expands. it is very important continue a formal viewpoint and determine realistically the biomedical results of those radiant energies in order that the employee or basic public usually are not unduly uncovered nor will learn, improvement and priceless usage of those energies be hampered or limited by way of an undue obstacle for results that could be nonexis tent or minimum compared to different environmental hazards.
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Additional info for Biological Effects and Dosimetry of Nonionizing Radiation: Radiofrequency and Microwave Energies
Example text
71 A/m when the power was at maximum. 58 A/m were measured at power levels normally used. These fields translate to equivalent plane-wave power densities of up to 265 mW/cm2 at maximum power, and about 100 mW/cm2 under normal operating conditions. Such fields could present potential health hazards to the operators and possibly produce electromagnetic interference to the other electromedical devices such as patient monitoring and life support systems. 21 Microwave Blood Warmers. Microwave blood warmers operate at 2450 MHz and are a special type of microwave heating device similar to a microwave oven, but designed to heat blood to physiological temperatures prior to transfusion.
Characteristics of several communications systems. 4 Acquisition and tracking radars typically operate 23 at 1 - 9 GHz, have transmitter powers up to 150 kW. Acquisition, radars normally have rotating antennas which reduce the radiation level at a given location. Tracking radars on the other hand, because they have non-rotational antennas and are capable of producing significant radiation levels over large areas are normally located in remote regions. Near airports or military bases persons may be exposed to side10be or secondary radiation from radars with stationary or rotating antennas.
12 CONCLUSIONS The general ambient environment is dominated by radiofrequency and microwave emissions from radio and television transmission, especially in the broadcast band 54 - 900 MHz. Over 99% of the population is continuously exposed to power densities of less than 1 ~W/cm2. Contributions to the ambient environment from microwave relay transmitters, mobile communications systems and low-power radars can be considered negligible. In certain cases, occupational exposure levels can exceed 1 mW/cm2 or more.
Biological Effects and Dosimetry of Nonionizing Radiation: Radiofrequency and Microwave Energies by Herman P. Schwan (auth.), Martino Grandolfo, Sol M. Michaelson, Alessandro Rindi (eds.)
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