By Derek H. Aldcroft
ISBN-10: 075460599X
ISBN-13: 9780754605997
ISBN-10: 0754681971
ISBN-13: 9780754681977
Monetary historians have perennially addressed the exciting query of comparative improvement, asking why a few international locations advance a lot swifter and additional than others. Focusing totally on Europe among 1914 and 1939, this current quantity explores the improvement of 13 nations which may be acknowledged to be categorized as economically backward in this interval: Albania, Bulgaria, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Turkey and Yugoslavia. those nations are associated, not just in being geographically on Europe's outer edge, yet all shared excessive agrarian parts and source of revenue degrees a lot under these loved in western eu nations. The learn exhibits that by means of 1918 lots of those nations had structural features which both relegated them to a low point of improvement or mirrored their fiscal backwardness, features that weren't helped by means of the opposed financial system of the interwar interval. It explores, zone by way of zone, how their development was once checked by way of battle and melancholy, and the way the results of political and social components may be a big obstacle to sustained growth and modernisation. for instance, in lots of situations political corruption and instability, poor administrations, ethnic and non secular range, agrarian constructions and backwardness, inhabitants pressures, in addition to overseas friction, have been retarding elements. In all this research bargains a desirable perception into many components of Europe which are usually missed through economists and historians. It demonstrates that those international locations have been certainly not a misplaced reason, and that their post-war performances convey the latent financial strength that the majority harboured. by means of delivering an perception into the improvement of Europe's 'periphery' a way more rounded and entire photograph of the continent as a complete is completed.
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Extra resources for Europe's Third World: The European Periphery in the Interwar Years (Modern Economic and Social History)
Example text
But generally speaking this type of development was extensive rather than intensive, utilising surplus land and resources and exploiting the peasantry, while backward linkages to the rest of the economy were limited since much of the processing of export products was carried out abroad. In an important sense this pattern of agricultural development effectively led to a freezing of modes of production and landholding tenures: big estates, especially in Hungary, Poland and Spain, and a large mass of dependent peasantry working small plots, in some cases under conditions which can be termed neo-serfdom following emancipation.
Given the poverty of these countries modernisation was inevitably very dependent on Western assistance in one form or another, but this had the unfortunate effect of leading to unbalanced development either in the form of foreign dominated enclaves, especially in resource extraction, or in the shape of heavy dependence on specific sectors, notably agrarian, in order to serve Western markets. Thus Hungary and much of the Balkans became the granary of Europe in the latter half of the nineteenth century.
Or that Mauritius, a small and unpromising African island, would shine forth like a beacon, in sharp contrast to most of its mainland neighbours across the water? European development is not without its own puzzles – as Hobsbawm (1994) inferred when he queried why Albania was not as rich as Switzerland, given that the two countries had similar characteristics: resource poor, sparsely populated, mountainous. That Europe, or at least part of it, came to dominate the political, economic 1 But far from being a blot on the landscape they transformed it.
Europe's Third World: The European Periphery in the Interwar Years (Modern Economic and Social History) by Derek H. Aldcroft
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