By Renata Dmowska (ed.), Barry Saltzman (ed.)
ISBN-10: 0120188325
ISBN-13: 9780120188321
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Additional resources for Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 32
Sample text
Practically all the available solutions have been obtained with the use of numerical methods. In numerical modeling three calculation techniques are in general use: the finite element, finite difference, and boundary integral methods. The boundary integral method seems to be more accurate than the other two (Andrews, 1985). A simpler class of numerical solutions is that for which crack motion is specified a priori rather than being derived from a failure criterion. These fixed rupture-velocity fault models have been studied for faulting represented by a circular area (Madariaga, 1976; Das, 1980)and rectangular areas (Madariaga, 1977; Day, 1982a).
84-07-12 H=O 1 K M 3 bt 0 , 2 8 43 - 0 70 - 12 ' R T. 67N S O L U T I O N 16 a M-0 9. 84-07-21 0 KM b M = O 5. 63 5 W FIG. 15. Alternative fault-plane solutions for seismic events with all dilatational (open circles) P-wave first motions, recorded in the East Mountain coal mining area, Wasatch Plateau, Utah during June- August 1984. Lower hemisphere, equal-area projections are used. Triangles indicate P- and Faxes and alternative slip vectors; H is the focal depth and M is magnitude. 6 km below datum.
The model involves the failure of a circular asperity within an annular faulted region. The asperity fails with a high stress drop and on a time scale corresponding to its small dimension. Following the small-scale failure, the large fault zone deforms under the influence of the ambient state of stress, and the large-scale deformation results in a lower average stress drop over the total area of faulting. Although the proposed inhomogeneous'faulting model is very simple in concept, it has been demonstrated by McGarr (1981, 1984b) to be quite useful for the analysis of ground-motion observations.
Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 32 by Renata Dmowska (ed.), Barry Saltzman (ed.)
by Donald
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