Read e-book online The West and Islam: Western Liberal Democracy versus the PDF

By Mishal Fahm al-Sulami

ISBN-10: 0415316340

ISBN-13: 9780415316347

This publication analyzes the connection among Western and Islamic political principles. the focal point is at the similarities and variations among Western liberal democracy and shura - usually visible because the Islamic counterpart to Western democracy. this can be the 1st paintings to supply a right away and precise comparability among the 2 platforms of principles, as given expression within the concrete political platforms that have emerged.

Show description

Read Online or Download The West and Islam: Western Liberal Democracy versus the System of Shura (Islamic Studies Series) PDF

Best islam books

Nadia von Maltzahn's Syria-Iran Axis: Cultural Diplomacy and International PDF

Because the Iranian Revolution of 1979, the shut alliance among Syria and Iran has persisted for over 3 many years, in response to geopolitical pursuits among the 2 states and infrequently framed within the language of resistance. In view in their powerful dating at a state-level, what have Syria and Iran every one been doing to foster renowned alternate and hire cultural instruments to construct a picture within the different state?

Bernard Lewis's The Jews of Islam (Princeton Classics) PDF

This landmark booklet probes Muslims’ attitudes towards Jews and Judaism as a unique case in their view of alternative spiritual minorities in predominantly Muslim societies. With authority, sympathy and wit, Bernard Lewis demolishes competing stereotypes: the Islamophobic photo of the fanatical Muslim warrior, sword in a single hand and Qur’ān within the different, and the overly romanticized depiction of Muslim societies as interfaith utopias.

Get Satan the Sworn Enemy of Mankind PDF

This e-book discusses our everlasting enemy, devil; at any place we flip, devil, despised and cursed via Allah, has laid his traps for us, in his makes an attempt to show us clear of our Lord. This booklet indicates that devil is a being that we should be on our defend opposed to.

Download e-book for iPad: The Tao of Islam: A Sourcebook on Gender Relationships in by Sachiko Murata

"This is a real foundational paintings in Islamic reviews. it truly is an open door into the very middle of Islamic civilization, whereas whilst it indicates the bases of vital comparisons and insights for these drawn to cognate parts in Western cultures. "It is an engaging, really unique paintings in either its guiding views and its accomplished, truly awarded account of a valuable measurement of Islam.

Extra info for The West and Islam: Western Liberal Democracy versus the System of Shura (Islamic Studies Series)

Example text

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µERXUJHRLVHOLWH¶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¶ ZDJHV 'RPHVWLF VHUYDQWVYDJUDQWVDQGEHJJDUVZHUHH[FOXGHG(YHQWKHULJKWRIZRPHQWRYRWH ZDV GLVFXVVHG E\ WKH $VVHPEO\ DQG VRPH PHPEHUV VXFK DV WKH SKLORVRSKHU &RQGRUFHW ZHUH LQ IDYRXU RI IHPDOH VXIIUDJH EXW LW ZDV ILQDOO\ GHFLGHG WR H[FOXGHZRPHQEDVHGRQWKHIHDUWKDWSXEOLFRSLQLRQZDVQRW\HWUHDG\WRDFFHSW WKLVPRYH ,WPXVWEHQRWHGWKDWWKHUHSHUFXVVLRQVRIWKHUHYROXWLRQRXWVLGH)UDQFHZHUH KXJH7KHUHYROXWLRQ¶VLGHDVVSUHDGUDSLGO\WKURXJKRXWWKHZKROHRI(XURSHDQG HQFRXUDJHG PDQ\ (XURSHDQV WR UHYROW DJDLQVW WKHLU DEVROXWH UXOHUV RU WR FODLP PRUH HQIUDQFKLVHPHQW DQG OLEHUW\ )RU LQVWDQFH WKH LGHDV RI WKH )UHQFK 5HYROXWLRQ VSUHDG DPRQJ WKH HGXFDWHG 3URWHVWDQWV RI QRUWKHUQ ,UHODQG DQG WKH &DWKROLFVRIVRXWKHUQDQGZHVWHUQ,UHODQGZKRFODLPHGOLEHUW\DQGHTXDOLW\DQG ZDQWHGWRVKDUHLQWKHUXOLQJRIWKHLURZQODQG 'HPRFUDF\VLQFHWKH)UHQFK5HYROXWLRQ 'HPRFUDF\ DIWHU WKH $PHULFDQ DQG WKH )UHQFK 5HYROXWLRQV PHDQW DQ µHOHFWHG UHSUHVHQWDWLYH JRYHUQPHQW¶ 7KH LGHD RI SXUH GHPRFUDF\ LQ ZKLFK WKH SHRSOH  7+ ( (9 2 /8 7, 2 1  2 ) ' (02&5$&< FRXOG SDUWLFLSDWH GLUHFWO\ LQ SXEOLF DIIDLUV ZDV LPSUDFWLFDEOH LQ PRGHUQ WLPHV 0RUHRYHUVRPHSROLWLFDOWKHRULVWVZHQWIXUWKHUDQGFRQVLGHUHGLWDUHFLSHIRUEDG JRYHUQPHQW$V-DPHV0LOOSRLQWHGRXWLQKLV(VVD\RQ*RYHUQPHQW  µD FRPPXQLW\LQPDVVLVLOODGDSWHGIRUWKHEXVLQHVVRI*RYHUQPHQWDOOQXPHURXV DVVHPEOLHVDUHHVVHQWLDOO\LQFDSDEOHRIEXVLQHVV¶ 7KHV\VWHPRIUHSUHVHQWDWLRQ ZDVWKHZD\WRVROYHWKLVGLOHPPD3ROLWLFDOFRPPHQWDWRUVIURP WKHHLJKWHHQWK FHQWXU\ RQZDUGV KDYH ZRUNHG ZLWKLQ WKH IUDPHZRUN RI µUHSUHVHQWDWLYH GHPRFUDF\¶ WR FRQVWUXFW µOLEHUDO FRQVWLWXWLRQDO GHPRFUDF\¶ 7KLV UHTXLUHG HVWDEOLVKLQJ LQVWLWXWLRQV LQ VXFK D ZD\ DV WR UHVWULFW JRYHUQPHQWDO SRZHU 7KH PRVW IXQGDPHQWDO UHVWUDLQWV LQYROYHG JXDUDQWHHLQJ EDVLF LQGLYLGXDO ULJKWV RYHU DQGDJDLQVWWKHJRYHUQPHQWZKDW,VDLDK%HUOLQODWHUFDOOHGµQHJDWLYHOLEHUW\¶ 7KH LGHD RI HVWDEOLVKLQJ UHVWUDLQHG SRSXODU JRYHUQPHQW ZDV LQ IDFW WKH DFKLHYHPHQW RI WKH FRQVWLWXWLRQDO IRXQGHUV RI WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV SDUWLFXODUO\ -DPHV 0DGLVRQ DQG KLV IHOORZV 7KH HDUO\ DPHQGPHQWV WR WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV &RQVWLWXWLRQRIOLVWHGWKHVHEDVLFLQGLYLGXDOULJKWV7KXVEDVLFLQGLYLGXDO ULJKWV ZHUH QRW VXEMHFW WR PDMRULW\ ZLOO 7KH\ ZHUH HVWDEOLVKHG WR SURWHFW LQGLYLGXDOV¶ ULJKWVDJDLQVWDEXVLYHPDMRULWLHV 'HPRFUDF\ DIWHU WKH )UHQFK 5HYROXWLRQ DOVR PHDQW DV 0DLHU SRLQWV RXW PDMRULWDULDQ UXOH 1XPEHUV REYLRXVO\ EHFDPH WKH IXQGDPHQWDO VRXUFH RI SROLWLFVLQWKHHLJKWHHQWKDQGQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXULHV7KLVLQFOXGHGERWKTXDQWLW\ LQ FRXQWLQJ YRWHV RU ILOOLQJ WKH VWUHHWV  DQG TXDOLW\ WKH YRWHV RI FLWL]HQV ZKHWKHU LQKHULWHG QRELOLW\ RU RUGLQDU\ ODERXUHU KDG WKH VDPH ZHLJKW QR FLWL]HQ¶V YRWH FRXOGEHUDQNHGKLJKHUWKDQDQRWKHU¶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µVRFLHW\LWVHOIZDV HYROYLQJGHPRFUDWLFDOO\¶ 7KHDFKLHYHPHQWRIXQLYHUVDOPDOHVXIIUDJHZDVWKXV DPHUHUHVSRQVHWRWKHGLUHFWLRQLQZKLFKVRFLHW\DQGWKHSROLWLFDOV\VWHPZHUH PRYLQJ 7ZRRIWKHOHDGLQJSKLORVRSKHUVRIWKHHLJKWHHQWKFHQWXU\QRWHGWKLV VRFLHWDOPRYHPHQWWRZDUGVGHPRFUDF\7RFTXHYLOOHZURWHLQ7KH2OG5HJLPHDQG WKH)UHQFK5HYROXWLRQ  µ$ JUHDWGHPRFUDWLFUHYROXWLRQLVDWZRUNDPRQJ  + ,672 5, &$ / % $ & .

KDOGXQ KDV FDOOHG WKLV EORRG FRQQHFWLRQ DOµ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µWKH$UDEVLQSUH,VODPLFWLPHVZRXOGQRWVHOHFWDQ\RQHWR  + ,672 5, &$ / % $ & .

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µERXUJHRLVHOLWH¶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¶ ZDJHV 'RPHVWLF VHUYDQWVYDJUDQWVDQGEHJJDUVZHUHH[FOXGHG(YHQWKHULJKWRIZRPHQWRYRWH ZDV GLVFXVVHG E\ WKH $VVHPEO\ DQG VRPH PHPEHUV VXFK DV WKH SKLORVRSKHU &RQGRUFHW ZHUH LQ IDYRXU RI IHPDOH VXIIUDJH EXW LW ZDV ILQDOO\ GHFLGHG WR H[FOXGHZRPHQEDVHGRQWKHIHDUWKDWSXEOLFRSLQLRQZDVQRW\HWUHDG\WRDFFHSW WKLVPRYH ,WPXVWEHQRWHGWKDWWKHUHSHUFXVVLRQVRIWKHUHYROXWLRQRXWVLGH)UDQFHZHUH KXJH7KHUHYROXWLRQ¶VLGHDVVSUHDGUDSLGO\WKURXJKRXWWKHZKROHRI(XURSHDQG HQFRXUDJHG PDQ\ (XURSHDQV WR UHYROW DJDLQVW WKHLU DEVROXWH UXOHUV RU WR FODLP PRUH HQIUDQFKLVHPHQW DQG OLEHUW\ )RU LQVWDQFH WKH LGHDV RI WKH )UHQFK 5HYROXWLRQ VSUHDG DPRQJ WKH HGXFDWHG 3URWHVWDQWV RI QRUWKHUQ ,UHODQG DQG WKH &DWKROLFVRIVRXWKHUQDQGZHVWHUQ,UHODQGZKRFODLPHGOLEHUW\DQGHTXDOLW\DQG ZDQWHGWRVKDUHLQWKHUXOLQJRIWKHLURZQODQG 'HPRFUDF\VLQFHWKH)UHQFK5HYROXWLRQ 'HPRFUDF\ DIWHU WKH $PHULFDQ DQG WKH )UHQFK 5HYROXWLRQV PHDQW DQ µHOHFWHG UHSUHVHQWDWLYH JRYHUQPHQW¶ 7KH LGHD RI SXUH GHPRFUDF\ LQ ZKLFK WKH SHRSOH  7+ ( (9 2 /8 7, 2 1  2 ) ' (02&5$&< FRXOG SDUWLFLSDWH GLUHFWO\ LQ SXEOLF DIIDLUV ZDV LPSUDFWLFDEOH LQ PRGHUQ WLPHV 0RUHRYHUVRPHSROLWLFDOWKHRULVWVZHQWIXUWKHUDQGFRQVLGHUHGLWDUHFLSHIRUEDG JRYHUQPHQW$V-DPHV0LOOSRLQWHGRXWLQKLV(VVD\RQ*RYHUQPHQW  µD FRPPXQLW\LQPDVVLVLOODGDSWHGIRUWKHEXVLQHVVRI*RYHUQPHQWDOOQXPHURXV DVVHPEOLHVDUHHVVHQWLDOO\LQFDSDEOHRIEXVLQHVV¶ 7KHV\VWHPRIUHSUHVHQWDWLRQ ZDVWKHZD\WRVROYHWKLVGLOHPPD3ROLWLFDOFRPPHQWDWRUVIURP WKHHLJKWHHQWK FHQWXU\ RQZDUGV KDYH ZRUNHG ZLWKLQ WKH IUDPHZRUN RI µUHSUHVHQWDWLYH GHPRFUDF\¶ WR FRQVWUXFW µOLEHUDO FRQVWLWXWLRQDO GHPRFUDF\¶ 7KLV UHTXLUHG HVWDEOLVKLQJ LQVWLWXWLRQV LQ VXFK D ZD\ DV WR UHVWULFW JRYHUQPHQWDO SRZHU 7KH PRVW IXQGDPHQWDO UHVWUDLQWV LQYROYHG JXDUDQWHHLQJ EDVLF LQGLYLGXDO ULJKWV RYHU DQGDJDLQVWWKHJRYHUQPHQWZKDW,VDLDK%HUOLQODWHUFDOOHGµQHJDWLYHOLEHUW\¶ 7KH LGHD RI HVWDEOLVKLQJ UHVWUDLQHG SRSXODU JRYHUQPHQW ZDV LQ IDFW WKH DFKLHYHPHQW RI WKH FRQVWLWXWLRQDO IRXQGHUV RI WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV SDUWLFXODUO\ -DPHV 0DGLVRQ DQG KLV IHOORZV 7KH HDUO\ DPHQGPHQWV WR WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV &RQVWLWXWLRQRIOLVWHGWKHVHEDVLFLQGLYLGXDOULJKWV7KXVEDVLFLQGLYLGXDO ULJKWV ZHUH QRW VXEMHFW WR PDMRULW\ ZLOO 7KH\ ZHUH HVWDEOLVKHG WR SURWHFW LQGLYLGXDOV¶ ULJKWVDJDLQVWDEXVLYHPDMRULWLHV 'HPRFUDF\ DIWHU WKH )UHQFK 5HYROXWLRQ DOVR PHDQW DV 0DLHU SRLQWV RXW PDMRULWDULDQ UXOH 1XPEHUV REYLRXVO\ EHFDPH WKH IXQGDPHQWDO VRXUFH RI SROLWLFVLQWKHHLJKWHHQWKDQGQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXULHV7KLVLQFOXGHGERWKTXDQWLW\ LQ FRXQWLQJ YRWHV RU ILOOLQJ WKH VWUHHWV  DQG TXDOLW\ WKH YRWHV RI FLWL]HQV ZKHWKHU LQKHULWHG QRELOLW\ RU RUGLQDU\ ODERXUHU KDG WKH VDPH ZHLJKW QR FLWL]HQ¶V YRWH FRXOGEHUDQNHGKLJKHUWKDQDQRWKHU¶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µVRFLHW\LWVHOIZDV HYROYLQJGHPRFUDWLFDOO\¶ 7KHDFKLHYHPHQWRIXQLYHUVDOPDOHVXIIUDJHZDVWKXV DPHUHUHVSRQVHWRWKHGLUHFWLRQLQZKLFKVRFLHW\DQGWKHSROLWLFDOV\VWHPZHUH PRYLQJ 7ZRRIWKHOHDGLQJSKLORVRSKHUVRIWKHHLJKWHHQWKFHQWXU\QRWHGWKLV VRFLHWDOPRYHPHQWWRZDUGVGHPRFUDF\7RFTXHYLOOHZURWHLQ7KH2OG5HJLPHDQG WKH)UHQFK5HYROXWLRQ  µ$ JUHDWGHPRFUDWLFUHYROXWLRQLVDWZRUNDPRQJ  + ,672 5, &$ / % $ & .

Download PDF sample

The West and Islam: Western Liberal Democracy versus the System of Shura (Islamic Studies Series) by Mishal Fahm al-Sulami


by Donald
4.5

Rated 4.52 of 5 – based on 26 votes