By Simon Gindikin, Alan Shuchat
ISBN-10: 0387360263
ISBN-13: 9780387360263
This revised and tremendously increased moment version of the Russian textual content Tales of Mathematicians and Physicists includes a wealth of latest information regarding the lives and accomplishments of greater than a dozen scientists all through 5 centuries of heritage: from the 1st steps in algebra as much as new achievements in geometry in reference to physics. The heroes of the ebook are popular figures from early eras, equivalent to Cardano, Galileo, Huygens, Leibniz, Pascal, Euler, Lagrange, and Laplace, in addition a few scientists of final century: Klein, Poincaré, and Ramanujan.
A detailed mix of arithmetic, physics, and heritage, this quantity presents biographical glimpses of scientists and their contributions within the context of the social and political historical past in their occasions. the writer examines many unique assets, from the scientists’ study papers to their own records and letters to family and friends; in addition, specific mathematical arguments and diagrams are provided to assist clarify one of the most major discoveries in calculus, celestial mechanics, quantity conception, and mathematical physics. What emerges are exciting, multifaceted stories of a few awesome intellectuals and their clinical legacy.
Written by means of a wonderful mathematician and available to readers in any respect degrees, this booklet is an excellent source for either scholars and academics and a welcome creation to the background of science.
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Extra resources for Tales of Mathematicians and Physicists
Sample text
And one day, being in the cathedral of that city and curious and clever as he was, he decided to observe the motion of a [hanging] chandelier that swerved from the perpendicular—whether the time it took to swing back and forth along long arcs was the same as along medium and short arcs. It seemed to him that the time to travel a long arc might be less because of the greater speed with which, as he saw, the lamp moved along the higher and more sloped sections. And since the lamp moved gradually, he had a gross estimate, as he was wont to say, of how it moved back and forth, using the beating of his own pulse, as well as the tempo of music he had with great profit practiced.
For simplicity, we will assume that c = 1, that distance is measured in meters (m) and time in seconds (sec). Then at all moments of time, v = s. Consider a point A one meter from the origin O. Let us estimate at what time the body reaches this point after it begins to move. At A the velocity equals 1 meter per second (m/sec). Take the point A1 halfway between O and A. At each point in the interval A1 A the instantaneous velocity will be less than 1 m/sec, and since this interval has length 12 m, more than 1 2 sec is required to traverse it.
For < 0 there are three real roots. For = 0 we have one double real root and one single real root, and when p = q = 0 we have the triple real root x = 0. We continue with the case > 0 (one real root). It turns out that even if an equation with integer coefficients has an integer root, then calculating the root by the formula can lead to intervening irrational numbers. For example, x3 + 3x − 4 = 0 has the unique real root x = 1. For this unique real root, Cardano’s formula gives the expression x= 3 This means that 3 2+ 2+ √ √ 5+ 5+ 3 3 2− 2− √ √ 5.
Tales of Mathematicians and Physicists by Simon Gindikin, Alan Shuchat
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