By J.D. Bernal
ISBN-10: 0262520222
ISBN-13: 9780262520225
J. D. Bernal's enormous paintings technological know-how in heritage is the 1st full-scale try to examine the connection among technology and society all through historical past, from the perfection of the 1st flint hand ax to the development of the hydrogen bomb. This awesome examine illustrates the impetus given to and the constraints put upon discovery and invention via pastoral, agricultural, feudal, capitalist, and socialist structures, and conversely the ways that technology has altered fiscal, social, and political opinions and practices.Volume three is dedicated completely to the 20 th century and the awesome progress of clinical suggestion which has happened nowa days -- from the recent sciences of nuclear physics and electronics to discoveries and advances in biology and comparable fields.
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Read e-book online Science in History, Volume 3: The Natural Sciences in Our PDF
J. D. Bernal's huge paintings technology in heritage is the 1st full-scale try and study the connection among technological know-how and society all through heritage, from the perfection of the 1st flint hand ax to the development of the hydrogen bomb. This notable research illustrates the impetus given to and the restrictions put upon discovery and invention by means of pastoral, agricultural, feudal, capitalist, and socialist platforms, and conversely the ways that technological know-how has altered monetary, social, and political opinions and practices.
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Additional resources for Science in History, Volume 3: The Natural Sciences in Our Time
Example text
The first pocket watches were made by Peter Henlein in the sixteenth century and were powered by coiled springs. They could not be regulated by pendulums and the first watch to use a spiral balance spring for this purpose was made for Huygens in 1675. Unfortunately the invention provoked claims by others that they had thought of a similar idea earlier, but the strongest was by Hooke. He had indeed demonstrated some such mechanism to the Royal Society in 1668, but the record is absent from the Society’s minutes.
If they stop with equal total payments both lose. One possibility is that player A puts in $1 and the other refuses to play, in which case player A wins a net $99. But if player B puts in $2 and player A stops, then player A loses $1 while player B wins a net $98. If both players continue in the game the total contribution of each escalates. To cut the analysis short suppose that player A has put in a total of $90 and player B has put in a total of $99. It seems to be logical for player A to put in an extra $10, so that he could break even instead of losing $90.
Descartes’ laws governing collisions between bodies were so far from the truth that he could not have based them on experimental observations, but they spurred the Dutch polymath Christiaan Huygens and the English mathematician John Wallis to provide the correct laws some decades later. The applicability of the laws of motion to the planets depended on the gradually strengthening belief, and eventually the conviction, that the celestial bodies were ordinary material objects. 6 million kilometres; this distance is now called the Astronomical Unit.
Science in History, Volume 3: The Natural Sciences in Our Time by J.D. Bernal
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