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Extra resources for Islam and the Medieval West: aspects of intercultural relations : papers presented at the ninth annual conference of the Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton, Volume 2

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Hourani of State University of New York at Buffalo. Professor Hourani ties the papers together in a discussion of the general topic of Islam and the Medieval West. "Disputatio" goes beyond the topics dealt with in the papers to provide an overall view of some of the problems and prospects in the field of Islamic and Medieval European studies, offering views, ideas and suggestions related not only to the papers by representatives of American, European, and Muslim universities, but also to the future of research in this important medieval studies' field.

This last kind was also issued, Page 18 under the same name of tari, by the Christian states of southern Italy. 32 But at Baghdad, an Arab author later tells us, concerning the subsequent reappearance of silver, that for payments lower in amount than the dinar, gold parings made with a knife were used (it would have required too much copper, and moreover copper was often not to be had). And at the same time, if silver evidently did not disappear from circulation in the Christian West, the coins declined as much in weight as in alloy.

It has sometimes been contended that the Byzantines continued to come in numbers to Egypt, but that contention rests on a failure to recognize the diversity and the evolution of the meaning of the word Rum. " Explicit testimonies show that, in a practical sense, this term included, above all, the Amalfians. We see therefore the degree of error in the still widespread view that places the beginning of real resumption of commercial East-West liaisons at the time of the Crusades. Incontrovertible texts attest to the predominant role of these liaisons even from the standpoint of Egypt from the eleventh century, and it is, to the contrary, on the backdrop of this recovery that the movement of the Crusades must be placed.

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