Download PDF by Carol L. Boggs, Ward B. Watt, Paul R. Ehrlich: Butterflies: ecology and evolution taking flight

By Carol L. Boggs, Ward B. Watt, Paul R. Ehrlich

ISBN-10: 0226063186

ISBN-13: 9780226063188

В этой книги лучшие мировые эксперты обобщили современные знания о бабочках, чтобы показать, как исследование тих удивительных созданий может привести к более глубокому пониманию экологических и эволюционных процессов в целом. 26 глав структурированы по широким функциональным областям, характеризуя использование бабочек в исследованиях поведения, экологии, генетики, эволюции, систематики и охраны природы. Учитывая современный кризис биоразнообразия, эта книга показывает, как результаты, полученные в исследованиях бабочек, помогают понять быстрые и сильные изменения современного мира. В частности, наблюдаются сдвиги географического распространения некоторых видов бабочек в ответ на глобальное потепление, что является ранним свидетельством климатических изменений.
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Extra resources for Butterflies: ecology and evolution taking flight

Sample text

Here the question of whether selection is all that determines evolution is such an example. The immediately induced question relates to what the units of selection are, for example, where it takes place, at the level of the genotype, or the level of the phenotype (as usually assumed), or even at the level of groups or species. Hull’s abstract formulation was motivated by this debate. Blythe illustrates Hull’s analysis with molecular evolution, community ecology, and language change. For the mathematical analysis of selection he discusses the Price equation.

We have restricted our viewpoint to the natural sciences, since the progress in the understanding of evolution that has been achieved there is already so rich and versatile that an extension to social sciences is beyond the scope of a single book. Therefore achievements in the cultural evolution of man are only touched on, for example, linguistics (Chap. 3), game theory (Chap. 14), and amazing parallels of organizational structures between natural and social systems (Chaps. 15 and 16). 2 Rationale Controversial discussions on Darwinism versus creationism are accompanied by strong emotions, and the scientific approach to the theory of evolution has to face prejudices of the kind that its reductionism demystifies nature, that it is the arrogance of simplicity of scientists to oversimplify the description of nature, ending up with a claim to explain “the world as a whole”.

Coli bacteria also reveals their possible coexistence, as the authors report, while only one strain survives if the bacteria are put into a flask with additional stirring. Therefore, spatial organization seems to be essential for the maintenance of biodiversity. Another aspect, often neglected in a first approach, is the inherent and ubiquitous stochasticity of processes in various ways. The authors distinguish between phenotypic noise (which itself is of different origin (see also Chap. 10)), interaction noise (leading to different numbers of interacting species), and external noise (from fluctuations in the environment).

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