By Paul Cordo, Stevan Harnad
ISBN-10: 052145607X
ISBN-13: 9780521456074
Stream is arguably the main basic and significant functionality of the frightened approach, because the organism can't exist with no it. Purposive flow calls for the coordination of activities inside of many parts of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, basal ganglia, spinal wire, and peripheral nerves and sensory receptors, which jointly needs to regulate a hugely complicated biomechanical gear made from the skeleton and muscle groups. starting on the point of biomechanics and spinal reflexes and continuing upward to mind buildings within the cerebellum, brainstem, and cerebral cortex, the chapters during this quantity of a unique factor of Behavioral and mind Sciences dedicated to this subject spotlight vital concerns in stream keep watch over. Commentaries offer a balanced remedy of the articles by means of specialists in a number of components relating to flow, together with habit, body structure, robotics, and arithmetic.
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Example text
1989) have been pooled. Data obtained with the hand postured so as to disengage the flexor and extensor muscles (Gandevia & McCloskey 1976) are shown as open circles. Filled circles represent performance when the distal interphalangeal joint was injected with local anesthetic. Performance is best when muscle, joint, and cutaneous afferents are intact (hatched area); it deteriorates when muscles cannot contribute and deteriorates further when the joint space is injected with local anesthetic. 5B.
Force sensation. Just as there are many mechanisms that contribute to sensation of position and movement, so sensations of muscle force or the perceived heaviness of a lifted object derive from many sources. Golgi tendon organs would seem well placed to provide a stable signal of muscle force (for reservations, see sect. 1). In many psychophysical tests involving measurement of weight, force, or stiffness, however, there is little evidence that subjects normally attend to cues about force, though they can do so in appropriate situations.
When human subjects stand upright, presynaptic inhibition of la fibers to soleus motoneurons increases, while presynaptic inhibition of la afferents to quadriceps motoneurons decreases, with little change in presynaptic inhibition of la fibers to tibialis anterior motoneurons (Katz et al. 1988). Studies of bipedal locomotion have revealed that the modulation of the soleus H-reflex during the locomotion cycle cannot be attributed merely to a changing level of excitation of soleus motoneurons (Capaday & Stein 1986; 1987; Crenna & Frigo 1987); presumably, this modulation is due to phase-related changes in presynaptic inhibition of the la pathway (Morin et al.
Movement Control by Paul Cordo, Stevan Harnad
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