By Norton Reamer, Jesse Downing
ISBN-10: 0231169523
ISBN-13: 9780231169523
Investing--the dedication of assets to accomplish a return--affects participants, households, businesses, and international locations, and has performed so all through background. but till the 16th century, making an investment used to be a privilege of merely the elite sessions. the tale in the back of the democratization of making an investment is certain up with a few of history's so much epic occasions. it's also a story wealthy with classes for pro and daily traders who wish to make wiser choices.
This interesting historical past doubles as a worldly account of the possibilities and demanding situations dealing with the fashionable investor. It follows the increase of funded retirement; the evolution of funding automobiles and strategies; funding misdeeds and regulatory reform; executive monetary coverage; the improvement of funding thought; and the emergence of recent funding constructions. Norton Reamer and Jesse Downing map those tendencies and profile the conflict among cost effective index and exchange-traded cash, at the one hand, and the higher-fee hedge money and personal fairness, at the different. by way of supporting us comprehend this historical past and its legacy of threat, Reamer and Downing desire to higher train readers concerning the person and societal effect of making an investment and eventually point the enjoying box.
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Additional resources for Investment: A History
Example text
Considering the pernicious A Privilege of the Power Elite 23 consequences associated with failure to fulfill a covenant, it may be a surprise that there is no evidence for receipts being given to the borrower when he repaid the loan in the early period. 29 Other cultures influenced Egyptian lending practices as well. 30 In the third-century Egyptian chora (the countryside), bankers tended to be royal administrators or moneychangers working with the government. Despite the high regard these officeholders enjoyed, it was not a lucrative profession in these regions.
57 In most cases, governments operated lending businesses to generate revenues, sharing similar motivations with private lenders. For example, in the Song dynasty, the government earmarked specific funding for purchasing gifts and treating guests, and officials used these funds to lend and to open Zhiku, a type of lending institution. The government also inspected the inheritance of orphans and pooled their assets into public funds to help them preserve and manage the assets. These funds were called Jianjiao-ku.
On these horoi would be written the terms and the amount of the loan so citizens would be aware immediately if the property had been offered to another party in relation to a debt contract. , a village in Attica requested that horoi be put on all properties of people to whom it had made loans, presumably as a method of protecting itself from attempts to transfer property illicitly and avoid obligations to the lender. 49 Today real estate transactions generally involve title searches to ensure that there are no liens or mortgages unaccounted for at the office of the municipality or deed registry, but in this period the horoi could serve as a rapid alternative to make such a determination.
Investment: A History by Norton Reamer, Jesse Downing
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